Pat the shrimp very dry, then toss with 1 tbsp Shaoxing wine and 1 tsp cornstarch. Let it sit while you prep everything else.
Mix the sauce in a small bowl: soy sauce, black vinegar, Shaoxing wine, sugar, cornstarch, sesame oil, and water or stock. Stir until the cornstarch dissolves.
Heat a wok or large skillet over high heat until it just starts to smoke. Add 1 tbsp oil, then the shrimp in a single layer. Sear about 1 minute per side until just pink, then remove to a plate. They will finish cooking later, so do not overdo it.
Add the remaining 1 tbsp oil to the pan. Drop in the dried chilies and Sichuan peppercorns and fry for 10 to 15 seconds until fragrant, watching so the chilies do not burn.
Add the garlic, ginger, and celery. Stir fry for 1 minute, then add the scallions and peanuts and toss for 30 seconds.
Return the shrimp to the pan. Give the sauce a quick stir, pour it in, and toss for about 1 minute until the sauce thickens and glazes everything. Serve right away over rice.